Responsible Recycling for Renewable Energy Sources is Critical
Solar panel recycling companies like METech Recycling are invested in a greener future through renewable energy sources. Solar energy plays a pivotal role in the combat against climate change as we move away from fossil fuels. According to a study by the U.S Department of Energy, 40% of the nation’s electricity has the potential to be powered by solar energy by 2035. However, as the number of decommissioned solar panels grow, recyclers, businesses, and consumers must step up to ensure that they are properly disposed of.
How Do Solar Panels Work?
There are two types of solar panels: Solar Photovoltaic (PV) and Solar Thermal. Solar PV panels contain photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight into electric energy. Solar thermal panels are more simple and use the sunlight to directly heat water (or other fluids), providing hot water or heat.
Most solar panels are made with a type of crystalline silicon that requires a lot of heat and energy to be purified before ultimately being turned into thin “wafers”. The individual solar cells receive an anti-reflective coating and silver metal conductors, and then are connected using copper conductors and wiring. The rest of the completed solar panel is largely comprised of glass, with plastic polymer and aluminum as well.
Solar panels will last 25-30 years, gradually losing efficiency and electric output as they age. By the end of their lifespan cycle, they operate at about 85-88% efficiency. According to a study by the International Renewable Energy Agency, the cumulative value of recoverable raw materials from end-of-life panels globally will be about $450 million by 2030. That is equivalent to the cost of raw materials necessary to produce about 60 million new panels.
What is the Environmental Impact of Solar Panel Waste?
California was one of the first states to adopt solar power in the early 2000’s, and we are now dealing with an influx of solar panels nearing the end of their life cycle.
Waste disposal has to be done carefully because some solar panels may be considered hazardous waste, due to levels of leachable heavy metals like lead and cadmium that are harmful to human health in large quantities. If they are not recycled, these materials could contaminate soil and water, impacting wildlife and ecosystems as well.
The high volume of decommissioned panels put a strain on landfills, adding to the global electronic waste crisis. Each wasted solar panel in a landfill represents a missed opportunity to reuse valuable resources and reduce harm to the environment.
The Process of Solar Panel Recycling Companies
Effective solar panel recycling begins with efficient transportation. Businesses should ensure that their end-of-life solar panels are collected by a certified recycling center, like METech Recycling. Not only are they R2v3 certified to handle electronic waste like solar panels, but they also have a network of strategically placed locations across the United States that reduce the cost and environmental impact of transportation.
Solar panels ready to be recycled at METech Recycling in Gilroy, California.
What Can Be Recycled?
Although most of a solar panel is made from recyclable material, disassembling them to separate glass, metals, and silicon is time-consuming and requires specialized machinery.
1. Glass
The largest component in a solar panel which can be melted down and used to make new glass products.
2. Metal
Solar panel frames are made with aluminum that can be melted down and recycled. Silver is the most valuable material in a solar panel, but also the smallest amount (less than 1%).
3. Silicon
A solar panel undergoes thermal processing to evaporate plastic particles and make the cells easier to separate. Acids are also used to separate silicon from glass and metals.
Working Together for a Greener Future
The effective recycling of end-of-life solar panels requires a collaborative effort from businesses, manufacturers, recyclers, and consumers. Our duty as a recycler is to adhere to environmental and safety standards and raise awareness on proper disposal methods. Businesses can practice corporate social responsibility by vetting the recycling centers they work with to ensure they are certified and follow guidelines for safe handling and transport. By embracing better practices and striving to innovate the industry, solar energy can help us reach a greener and cleaner future.
